(Reaffirmed 2003) IS : 10590 - 1983 hdian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR MANUAL BLEACHING AND PROCESSING OF COTTON KNITTED FABRIC Hosiery Chairman SHRI Sectional Committee, TDC I5 Representing Offke R.R. PRASAD of the Development Commissioner, Scale Industries, New Delhi Small Members SHR~K. L. AHVJA SHRI A. T. BASAK Knit Fab Industries, Chandigarh Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals Inspection Wing, New Delhi SHRI B. D. DWIE ( AIternate ) Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) WG-CDR V. B. BATRA SHRI D. K. SRIVASTAVA( AZternate ) Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) SHRI G. N. CHATTERJEE SHRI S. N. HALDAR ( Alternate ) TheBengal aosiery Manufacturers' Association, SHRI D. GHOSE Calcutta SHRI D. PAUL ( Alternate ) Directorate of Industries, Government of Punjab, SHRI M. S. GILL Chandigarh SHRI J. S. GREWAL ( Alternate ) Delhi Hosiery Udyog Mandal, (Regd), Delhi SHRI R. C. JAIN The Hosiery Indulu;; Federation, Ludhtana SHRI S. P. KAPUR Hosiery Manufacturers' The South SHRI G. KARTHIKEYAN Association, Tirupur Southern India Mills,. Association, Coimbatore SHRI ARVIND K. KIKANI The Northern Indra Hosiery Manufacturers' SHRI MELA RAM Corporation, Ludhiana SHRI K. K. GUPTA ( Alternate) Rank Knitting Mills, Tirupur SHRI R. NATARAJAN Federation of Hosiery Manufacturers' Association SHRI S. T. NOTANI of India, Bombay SH RI R~TNAKAR ASGEKAR( Alternate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) @ Copyright 1983 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act. - IS : 10590- 1983 ( Continuedfrompage Members SARI J. L. OSWAL 1) Representing Wo;\zbsyoollens Export Promotion Council, Directorate of Industries and Industrial Training, PRINCIPAL,GOVERNMENT Government of Punjab, Chandigarh INSTITUTE OF TEXTILE CHEMISTRY AND KNITTING TECHNOLOGY,LUDHIANA Textiles Committee, Bombay SHRI A. S. RAMA RAO INSPECTING OFFICER, REGIONALOFFICE OF TEXTILES COMMITTEE, LUDHIANA ( Alternate I ) INSPECTING OFFICER, REGIONALOFFICE OF TEXTILES COMMITTEE, COIMBATORE ( Alternate 11) Oflice of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay SHRI A. I. S. RAO SHRI V. K. SRIVASTAVA ( Alternate ) West Bengal Hosiery Association, Calcutta SHRI B. L. SHARMA The South India Textile Research Association, DR V. R. SIVAKUMAR Coimbatore B. K. Thapar Hosiery Works, Ludhiana SHRI B. K. THAPAR Punjab State Hosiery and Knitwear Development SHRI J. N. VOHRA Corporation Ltd, Chandigarh SHRI P. K. BHARDWAJ( Alternate ) Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&Tcio Member ) SHRI S. M. CHAKRABORTY, Director ( Tex ) Secretary SHRI R. K. DUA Deputy Director ( Tex ), IS1 2 IS : 10590- 1983 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR MANUAL BLACHING AND PROCESSING OF COTTON KNITTED FABRIC 0. 0.1 This Indian FOREWORD Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 8 March 1983, after the draft finalized by the Hosiery Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council. I 0.2 The bleaching of cotton knitted fabric is generally carried out by small scale factories without the aid of mechanical appliances. The absence of the process control sometimes leads to tendering of fabric -which causes appearance of holes in the garment after one or two washes. This code is intended to serve as a guide to the processors in the proper bleaching of the fabric. 0.3 While processing, utmost attention shall be paid to avoid contamination of the bleach liquor with foreign matters such as iron, copper and their salts. It would be preferable to use tanks/baths made of glazed tiles. 0.4 The bleaching will be satisfactory if water used in the process is soft. The hardness of water should not exceed 150 ppm; better results would be ensured only if-the hardness is below 50 ppm. 0.5 The bleach sand, etc. liquor should be filtered to get rid of solid particles, 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard bleaching recommends details of various stages and processing of grey cotton knitted fabric. of manual 1.1.1 This code is mainly for small scale processing cal appliances are not readily availbale. where mechani- 3 IS : 10590 - 1983 2. RECOMMENDED STAGES 2.1 Wetting - The rolls of knitted fabric shall be opened out and immersed in water-bath containing wetting agent ( 0'5 to 1 percent on the mass of the fabric ) for a period of 3 to 4 hours. The common wetting agent is Turkey red oi1. Wetting facilitates penetration of chemicals. NOTE 1 - Turkey red oil should be used at room tion better if used in presence of alkali. NOTES -Commonly used anionic and nonionic temperature wetting and will funcagents are listed in Appendix A. 2.2 Scouring - In this operation, the fabric shall be boiled for a period of 6 to 8 hours in a caustic soda bath consisting of caustic soda ( 1 to 2 percent depending upon the fineness of the yarn ) and soda ash ( about 2 percent ). If required, 0'5 percent detergent ( stable to alkali ) may also be added in the caustic soda bath. Material to liquor ratio should be minimum 1 : 5. The temperature of scouring bath should be not below 100" C throughout the scouring process. The scouring process ensures removal of natural impurities and prepares the fabric for bleaching. NOTE 1 - Caustic soda flakes should be dissolved tion should be added to the scouring bath. NOTE 2 atmosphere. separately and filtered solu- Care shall be exercised A perforated sheet to ensure that the of non-corrosive fabric is not exposed to material, for example, stainless steel, may be placed over the fabric dipped in liquor. Alternatively heavy stone pieces may be kept on a wooden perforated plank. The fabric should However, packing should be uninot be stacked closely but somewhat loosely. form to avoid channelling and uneven scouring. A provision should be made to circulate the liquor in the bath. Alternatively, the fabric may be moved up and down with the help of bamboo sticks. 2.3 Washing - The scoured fabric shall be washedimmediately in water by giving the material to-and-fro action in the water-bath. Washing i;tatast two cycles ) should be thorough so as to free the meterial from 2.4 Bleaching - The well scoured and washed material shall be bleached at room temperature in a bleaching solution ( containing 2 to 3 g per litre of available chlorine ) till the material becomes uniformly white. The bleaching agent shall be sodium hypochlorite or bleaching powder. The time required for complete bleaching may vary from 4 to 5 hours. The pH of the liquor shall be maintained between 10 to 10'5 throughout the bleaching operation. ( See also Note 2 under 2.2 ). NOTE 1 The material to liquor ratio should not be less than 1 : 10. NOTE 2 - Liquid chlorine or hydrogen peroxide may be used for bleaching. The concentration of these bleaching agents should be in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. 4 IS :: 1osBBi - 19&3 2.5 Washing - Immediately after bleaching,, the bleached material shall be washed thoroughly ( at least two cycles of washing ) in the waterbath. 2.6 Souring ( Acid Treatment ) - Washed material shall then be transferred into an acid-bath containing hydrochloric acid ( 0'5 percent, v/v ) and kept for a period of 20 to 30 minutes. 2.7 Washing - The fabric shall be washed cycles of washing ) in the waterzbath. thoroughly ( at least two 2.8 Antichlor - In order to remove traces of chlorine, the material shall be t.reaitedcin water-bath containing sodium bisulphite ( 0'5 percent ) for 20 minutes. NOTE - Sodium bisulphite or any other antichlor agent may be used. If bleaching is done with hydrogen peroxide, antichlor treatment is not necessarYb 2.9 Washing - The rolls shall once again be washed thoroughly least two cycles of washing ) in the water-bath. ( at 2.10 Treatmenti with *tical WhikningAgttnt and Tinting - If required,. the fabric shall be steeped in. a solution of whitening agent and tinting agent or blueing agent for a period of 30 minutes. A softening agent ( 0'5 percent ) may be used along with blueing agent for fine material. NOTE - Normaly 100 to 200 g of ~whitening blueing agent per 100 kg of fabric is sufficient. agent and 25 g of tinting agent or 2.11 Removal of Excess Water - The fabric shall be hydroextracted for removing excess water. In case hydroextractor is not available, the cloth may be stacked on the wall of the bath to allow water to drain out. 2.12 Drying - Phe,fabric shall. be dried catefully in shade taking care that the wet goods are not subjected to any kind of stretch lest the material gets distorted. 2.13 Steam Calendering - The, dried. fabric shall be steam-calendered. The material shall not be subjected to any undue stretch. NOTE 1 The steam calender should preferably fabric have positive twice helps feedmechanism. tx+tent in NOTE 2 - Calendering of the knitted removing the bow effects. to a great 5 IS : 10590 - 1983 APPENDIX A ( Note 2 under 2.1 ) WETTING AGENTS A-l. ANIONIC WETTING AGENTS Manufacturer Swastik Household & Industrial Products, Bombay Crescent Dyes and Chemicals Ltd, Bombdy Hico Products Ltd, Bombay Shri Ambuja Chemicals Co, Ahmadabad C.D. Corporation, Bombay Sandoz ( India ) Ltd, Bombay Gujchem Distillers, Bilimora ( Gujarat ) Ahura Chemical Products Pvt Ltd, Bombay WETTING AGENTS/DETERGENTS Manufacturer Swastik Household & Industrial Products, Bombay Dia-ichi Karkaria, Ahmadabad Ahura Chemical Products Ltd, Bombay Shri Ambuja Chemicals Co, Ahmadabad C.D. Corporation, Bombay Auxichem, Bombay Sandoz ( India ) Ltd, Bombay Capco Pvt Ltd, Bombay Diamond Shamrock (India) Ltd, Bombay Hico Products Ltd, Bombay Crescent Dyes and Chemicals Ltd, Bombay 6 Wetting Agent Idet 5L/lO Lissapol PV Dedinon Super N Ambujapol OP Ultra C/CN Sandopan N Jadinol PU Acipon T A-2. NONIONIC Wetting Agent/ Detergent Swanic 7L Noigen CS Ahuran TT - 30 Ambupon NIS Ultra NC Auxipon ND Sandozin NIS Cyclanon C Hyonic PE 90 Hyoxide AA0 Lissapol N